Lilemong tsa morao tjena, China e nchaindasteri ea likoloi tsa matlae bile le nts'etsopele e potlakileng mme e fetohile sebapali sa bohlokoa 'marakeng oa lefatše oa likoloi tsa likoloi tsa motlakase. Ho latela lintlha tsa morao-rao tsa 'maraka le tlhahlobo ea indasteri, Chaena ha e fihlelle feela katleho e tsotehang' marakeng oa malapeng, empa hape e bontšitse tlhōlisano e matla 'marakeng oa machaba. Sengoliloeng sena se tla hlahloba maemo a hajoale, liqholotso le mekhoa ea ntlafatso ea nako e tlang ea thepa e ncha ea koloi ea China e romelloang kantle ho tsoa mekhoeng e mengata.
1. Keketseho e potlakileng ea indasteri e ncha ea likoloi tsa matla tsa China
Ho phahama ha indasteri e ncha ea likoloi tsa matla a China ho ka saloa morao ho tloha 2010, ha naha e ne e hlahisa letoto la maano a ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea likoloi tsa motlakase. Ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji le keketseho ea tlhokahalo ea 'maraka, baetsi ba likoloi tsa motlakase tsa Machaena tse kang BYD, NIO, le Xpeng ba hlahile ka potlako' me ba fetoha libapali tsa bohlokoa 'marakeng oa likoloi tsa motlakase oa lefatše.
Ho latela Mokhatlo oa China oa Baetsi ba Likoloi, thekiso ea China ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla e fihlile ho limilione tse 6.8 ka 2022, e leng karolo ea hoo e ka bang 60% ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara. Palo ena ha e bontše feela boeta-pele ba Chaena lefapheng la likoloi tsa motlakase, empa hape e bontša bokhoni ba eona bo matla ba ho nchafatsa theknoloji le ho phahamisa 'maraka.
2. Katoloso ea limmaraka tsa kantle ho naha
Ha 'maraka oa lehae o ntse o tlala butle-butle, baetsi ba likoloi tse ncha tsa China ba qala ho lebisa tlhokomelo ea bona' marakeng oa machaba. Ho ea ka lintlha tse tsoang ho General Administration of Customs, thepa e ncha ea likoloi tsa China e fihlile ho li-unit tsa 500,000 ka 2022, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 120%. Khōlo ena e bakoa haholo-holo ke lintlha tse latelang:
(1) Melemo ea theknoloji: Likoloi tse ncha tsa China li hatetse pele haholo theknoloji ea betri, bohlale le ho khanna ka boithaopo. Ka mohlala, betri ea lehare ea BYD e na le ts'ebetso e babatsehang ka polokeho le mamello, e hohelang bareki ba bangata ba machaba.
(2) Tlholisano ea theko: Theko ea likoloi tse ncha tsa China e batla e le tlaase 'me e ka finyella litlhoko tsa bareki ba fapaneng. Bakeng sa bareki limmarakeng tse ngata tsa machaba, theko ke taba ea bohlokoa ha u khetha likoloi tsa motlakase.
(3)Tshehetso ea leano: 'Muso oa Chaena o fane ka tšehetso ea leano bakeng sa ho romelloa ha likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, ho kenyelletsa le ho lokolloa lekhethong le lithuso tsa thepa ea kantle ho naha, joalo-joalo Melaoana ena e fokolitse ka katleho litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso ea likhoebo le ho ntlafatsa tlholisano ea tsona ea machabeng.
3. Tshekatsheko ya mebaraka e meholo ya diyantle
Mmaraka oa China oa ho rekisa likoloi tse ncha o shebane haholo le Europe, Asia Boroa-bochabela, Amerika Boroa le libakeng tse ling.
(1) Mmaraka oa Europe: Ha linaha tsa Europe li ela hloko maano a ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le ho feta, tlhoko ea likoloi tsa motlakase e ntse e eketseha. Baetsi ba Machaena ba kang Weilai le Xiaopeng ba sebelitse hantle haholo 'marakeng oa Europe, haholo linaheng tse kang Norway, Jeremane le Fora. Lethathamo le atlehileng la Weilai naheng ea Norway le tšoaea keketseho e ntseng e eketseha ea mefuta ea likoloi tsa motlakase tsa China 'marakeng oa Europe.
(2) 'Maraka oa Asia Boroa-bochabela: Linaha tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela tse kang Thailand le Indonesia le tsona li fetohile limmaraka tsa bohlokoa tsa ho romela thepa bakeng sa likoloi tse ncha tsa China. Mebuso ea linaha tsena e khothalletsa ka mafolofolo ho tsebahala ha likoloi tsa motlakase le ho fana ka tikoloho e ntle ea 'maraka. Morero oa libese tsa motlakase oa BYD naheng ea Thailand o atlehile, o ntse o kopanya boemo ba ona 'marakeng oa Asia Boroa-bochabela.
(3) Mmaraka oa Amerika Boroa: Tlhokahalo ea likoloi tsa motlakase 'marakeng oa Amerika Boroa le eona e ntse e eketseha butle-butle. Baetsi ba makoloi a macha a Machaena butle-butle ba butse limmaraka linaheng tse kang Brazil le Argentina ka ho sebelisana le lik'hamphani tsa lehae.
IV. Mathata
Leha likoloi tse ncha tsa China li entse katleho e kholo 'marakeng oa machaba, li ntse li tobana le mathata a mang:
(1) Tlhokomeliso ea Brand: Le hoja likoloi tse ncha tsa machaena li na le melemo ho theknoloji le theko, linaheng tse ling tse tsoetseng pele, tlhokomeliso ea bareki ka mefuta ea Chaena e ntse e le tlaase. Mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa setšoantšo sa brand le ts'epo ea bareki ke bothata boo lik'hamphani tsa China li hlokang ho bo rarolla.
2 Likhamphani tsa China li hloka ho arabela ka mafolofolo litšitisong tsena tsa khoebo le ho fumana maano a nepahetseng a ho kena 'marakeng.
(3) Phapang ea litekanyetso tsa tekheniki: Linaha tse fapaneng li na le litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa tekheniki le litlhoko tsa polokeho bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase. Likhamphani tsa China li hloka ho etsa liphetoho le lintlafatso tse tsamaellanang ho latela litlhoko tsa 'maraka o reriloeng.
V. Mekhoa ea Tsoelo-pele ea Bokamoso
Ha re sheba pele, litebello tsa China tsa ho romela thepa e ncha ea motlakase li lula li le ngata. Ha lefats'e le ela hloko nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng, tlhoko ea 'maraka ea likoloi tsa motlakase e tla tsoela pele ho hola. Likhamphani tsa China li ka eketsa mebaraka ea tsona ea machabeng ka litsela tse latelang:
(1) Matlafatsa boqapi ba mahlale: Tsoela pele ho eketsa matsete a R&D ho ntlafatsa theknoloji ea betri, boemo ba bohlale le bokhoni ba ho khanna bo ikemetseng ho fihlela maemo a holimo a mmaraka oa machabeng.
(2) Theha ketane ea phepelo ea lefats'e: Ka ho theha litsi tsa tlhahiso le litsi tsa R&D mose ho maoatle, re ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, ra ntlafatsa lebelo la karabelo ea 'maraka, le ho ntlafatsa tlholisano ea machabeng.
(3) Ntlafatsa setšoantšo sa lets'oao: Eketsa ponahalo ea mofuta oa machaba 'me u eketse tšepo ea bareki ka ho nka karolo lipontšong tsa machaba, ho tšehetsa liketsahalo tsa lipapali ka lichelete, joalo-joalo.
(4) Arabela ka mafolofolo liphetoho tsa leano: Ela hloko ka hloko liphetoho tsa leano 'marakeng oa machaba' me u fetole mekhoa ea 'maraka ka mokhoa o bonolo ho sebetsana ka katleho le litšitiso tse ka bang teng tsa khoebo le liphapang tsa litekanyetso tsa theknoloji.
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Nako ea poso: May-26-2025