Joalo kakoloi ea motlakase (EV)marakeng tsoela pele ho ntshetsa pele, lho feto-fetoha ho hoholo ha litheko tsa betri ho hlahisitse matšoenyeho har'a bareki mabapi le bokamoso ba litheko tsa EV.
Ho qala qalong ea 2022, indasteri e ile ea bona ho phahama ha litheko ka lebaka la litheko tse ntseng li phahama tsa lithium carbonate le lithium hydroxide, metsoako ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea betri. Leha ho le joalo, ha litheko li ntse li theoha ka mor’a moo, ’maraka o ile oa kena boemong ba tlhōlisano, boo hangata bo bitsoang “ntoa ea litheko.” Ho hloka botsitso hona ho na le bareki ba ipotsang hore na litheko tsa hajoale li emela tlase kapa hore na li tla oa ho feta.
Goldman Sachs, banka e ka sehloohong ea lichelete tsa lefats'e, e hlahlobile mokhoa oa theko ea libeteri tsa motlakase oa koloi ea motlakase.
Ho ea ka ponelopele ea bona, karolelano ea theko ea libeteri tsa matla e theohile ho tloha ho $153 ka kilowatt-hora ka 2022 ho ea ho $149/kWh ka 2023, 'me e lebelletsoe ho theohela ho $111/kWh bofelong ba 2024. Ka 2026, litšenyehelo tsa betri li se li felile. e lebelletsoeng ho theoha ka hoo e ka bang halofo ho isa ho $80/kWh.
Esita le ntle le lithuso, ho theoha ho hoholo ha litheko tsa betri ho lebeletsoe ho etsa hore litšenyehelo tsa ho ba le likoloi tse hloekileng tsa motlakase li lekane le tsa likoloi tsa khale tsa peterole.
Tšusumetso ea ho theoha ha theko ea betri ha e felle feela ka liqeto tsa bareki, empa hape ke ea bohlokoa haholo tšimong ea likoloi tse ncha tsa khoebo ea matla.
Libetri tsa motlakase li etsa hoo e ka bang 40% ea litšenyehelo tsohle tsa likoloi tse ncha tsa khoebo. Ho theoha ha litheko tsa betri ho tla ntlafatsa katleho ea moruo ka kakaretso ea likoloi, haholo-holo litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa. Litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso ea likoloi tse ncha tsa motlakase li se li le tlase ho feta tsa likoloi tsa khale tsa mafura. Ha theko ea libeteri e ntse e theoha, litšenyehelo tsa ho hlokomela le ho nchafatsa libeteri le tsona li lebeletsoe ho theoha, e leng ho fokotsang matšoenyeho a nako e telele a batho mabapi le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa “lisebelisoa tse tharo tsa motlakase” (libetri, lienjene le li-control tsa elektronike).
Ponahalo ena e fetohang e kanna ea ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea moruo ea makoloi a macha a khoebo ea matla bophelong bohle ba bona, ho etsa hore li hohele basebelisi ba nang le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso, joalo ka lik'hamphani tsa thepa le bakhanni ka bomong.
Ha litheko tsa betri li ntse li tsoela pele ho theoha, litšenyehelo tsa theko le ts'ebetso ea likoloi tse ncha tse sebelisoang tsa lisebelisoa tsa matla li tla theoha, ka ho etsa joalo li ntlafatse ts'ebeliso ea tsona ea litšenyehelo. Phetoho ena e lebelletsoe ho hohela lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa thepa le bakhanni ka bomong ba amehileng ka litšenyehelo ho sebelisa likoloi tse ncha tse sebelisang matla, ho tsosa tlhokahalo ea mmaraka le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba lichelete indastering.
Ho feta moo, ho theoha ha litheko tsa betri ho lebelletsoe ho susumetsa baetsi ba likoloi le mekhatlo e amanang le eona ho ela hloko ho ntlafatsa lits'ebeletso tsa netefatso ea kamora thekiso.
Ntlafatso ea maano a tiisetso ea betri le ntlafatso ea lits'ebeletso tsa morao-rao tsa thekiso li lebelletsoe ho matlafatsa boitšepo ba bareki mabapi le ho reka likoloi tse ncha tse sebelisang matla. Ha batho ba bangata ba kena 'marakeng, phallo ea likoloi tsena e tla eketseha, e leng se tla khothaletsa ts'ebetso ea mebaraka le chelete ea lichelete.
Ntle le tšusumetso ea litšenyehelo le matla a 'maraka, ho theoha ha litheko tsa betri ho ka boela ha etsa hore mefuta ea mefuta e atolositsoeng e ratoe haholo. Hajoale, literaka tse bobebe tsa sebaka se selelele tse nang le libeteri tsa 100kWh lia hlaha 'marakeng. Litsebi tsa indasteri li re mefuta ena e tsotella haholo ho theoha ha litheko tsa betri mme ke tharollo e tlatselletsang ho literaka tse khanyang tsa motlakase. Mehlala e hloekileng ea motlakase e na le litšenyehelo tse ngata, athe literaka tse bobebe tse atolositsoeng li na le sebaka se selelele 'me li loketse litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa lipalangoang tse kang ho ajoa ha litoropo le ho tsamaisa thepa ea litoropo.
Bokhoni ba literaka tse tsamaeang ka lebelo le lelelele la sebaka se seholo ho fihlela litlhoko tsa maemo a fapaneng a lipalangoang, hammoho le ho theoha ho lebelletsoeng ha litšenyehelo tsa betri, li li file boemo bo botle 'marakeng. Ha bareki ba ntse ba batla litharollo tse feto-fetohang tse leka-lekaneng litšenyehelo le ts'ebetso, karolo ea 'maraka ea literaka tse tsamaeang ka mabone a malelele e lebelletsoe ho hola, e leng ho matlafatsang boemo ba likoloi tsa motlakase.
Ka kakaretso, 'maraka oa likoloi tsa motlakase o maemong a phetoho ka litheko tse theohang tsa betri le likhetho tsa bareki.
Ha litšenyehelo tsa libeteri tsa motlakase li ntse li theoha, moruo oa likoloi tse ncha tsa khoebo tsa matla li tla ntlafala, ho hohela mefuta e mengata ea basebelisi le ho susumetsa tlhokahalo ea 'maraka.
Keketseho e lebelletsoeng ea mefuta e mengata e atolositsoeng e boetse e totobatsa ho ikamahanya le maemo ha indasteri ea likoloi tsa motlakase ho fihlela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa lipalangoang. Ha indasteri e ntse e hatela pele, ho hlokahala hore ho thehoe litekanyetso tse nepahetseng tsa tlhahlobo le lits'ebeletso tsa morao-rao tsa thekiso ho fokotsa litšenyehelo le likotsi, qetellong ho ntlafatsa boleng ba makoloi a macha a tsamaisang matla. Bokamoso ba likoloi tsa motlakase boa ts'episa, 'me moruo le ts'ebetso e ntle ke tsona tse tlang pele bakeng sa mmaraka ona o matla.
Nako ea poso: Dec-10-2024