Nakong ea phetoho ea indasteri, na phetoho ea ho sebelisa betri ea matla e atametse?

Ho latela "Power Battery Ladder Utilization and Recycling Industry Report" ea Gasgoo (eo hamorao e tla bitsoa "Report"), ka 2023, lithane tse 623,000 tsa libeteri tsa motlakase tse seng li tlohetse mosebetsi li tla sebelisoa hape ka har'a naha, 'me ho lebelletsoe ho fihla ho limilione tse 1.2. lithane ka 2025, 'me tla recycled ka 2030. Fihla 6 limilione tse lithane tse.

Kajeno, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Tlhahisoleseding le emisitse ho amoheloa ha lenane le lesoeu la lik'hamphani tse tsosolosang betri ea matla, 'me theko ea betri-grade lithium carbonate e theohetse ho 80,000 yuan / ton. Sekhahla sa ho sebelisoa hape ha thepa ea nickel, cobalt le manganese indastering e feta 99%. Ka ts'ehetso ea lintlha tse ngata tse kang phepelo, theko, leano, le theknoloji, indasteri ea ho tsosolosa betri ea motlakase, e leng nakong ea phetoho, e ka 'na ea atamela moo e leng teng.
Leqhubu la ho felloa ke mosebetsi le ntse le atamela, 'me indasteri e ntse e hloka ho ts'oaroa

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla e tlisitse keketseho e tsoelang pele ea matla a kentsoeng a matla a matla a matla, ho fana ka ts'ehetso e matla bakeng sa sebaka sa kholo ea matla a ho tsosolosa betri, e leng indasteri e tloaelehileng ea matla a morao-rao.

Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tse tsoang ho Lekala la Tšireletso ea Sechaba, ho tloha bofelong ba June, palo ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla naheng ka bophara e fihlile ho limilione tse 24,72, e leng karolo ea 7,18% ea palo eohle ea likoloi. Ho na le likoloi tsa motlakase tse hloekileng tse limilione tse 18.134, tse etsang 73.35% ea palo eohle ea likoloi tse ncha tsa motlakase. Ho latela lintlha tse lokollotsoeng ke China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance, halofong ea pele ea selemo sena feela, matla a kenyelletsoeng a betri ea matla naheng ea heso e ne e le 203.3GWh.

"Tlaleho" e bontšitse hore ho tloha ka 2015, thekiso ea likoloi tse ncha tsa naha ea heso e bontšitse kholo e phatlohileng, 'me matla a kentsoeng a betri ea matla a eketsehile ka tsela e nepahetseng. Ho latela kakaretso ea bophelo ba betri ea lilemo tse 5 ho isa ho tse 8, libeteri tsa motlakase li mothating oa ho tlisa leqhubu la ho tlohela mosebetsi ka bongata.

Hape ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore libeteri tsa matla tse sebelisoang li kotsi haholo tikolohong le 'meleng oa motho. Lisebelisoa tsa karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea betri ea matla li ka itšoara ka lik'hemik'hale ka lintho tse itseng tse tikolohong ho hlahisa litšila. Hang ha li kena mobung, metsing le moeeng, li tla baka tšilafalo e tebileng. Litšepe tse kang lead, mercury, cobalt, nickel, koporo le manganese le tsona li na le phello e matlafatsang 'me li ka bokellana' meleng oa motho ka ketane ea lijo, 'me tsa senya bophelo ba motho.

Phekolo e bohareng e se nang kotsi ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion tse sebelisitsoeng le ho sebelisoa hape ha lisebelisoa tsa tšepe ke mehato ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa bophelo bo botle ba batho le nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea tikoloho. Ka hona, ka lebaka la ho tlohela mosebetsi ka bongata bo boholo ba libeteri tsa motlakase, ho bohlokoa haholo ebile ho potlakile ho sebetsana hantle le libeteri tsa motlakase tse sebelisitsoeng.

Bakeng sa ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele e tloaelehileng ea indasteri ea ho sebelisa betri hape, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Tlhahisoleseding le tšehelitse sehlopha sa lik'hamphani tse ikopantseng tsa ho sebelisa betri hape. Ho fihlela hajoale, e lokolotse lethathamo le lesoeu la lik'hamphani tse 156 tse sebelisang libateri tsa motlakase ka lihlopha tse 5, ho kenyeletsoa lik'hamphani tse 93 tse nang le mangolo a ts'ebeliso e fapaneng, lik'hamphani tse qhaqha, Ho na le lik'hamphani tse 51 tse nang le mangolo a thuto le lik'hamphani tse 12 tse nang le mangolo ka bobeli.

Ho phaella ho "mabotho a tloaelehileng" a boletsoeng ka holimo, 'maraka oa ho tsosolosa betri ea matla o nang le bokhoni bo boholo ba' maraka o hohetse ho phalla ha lik'hamphani tse ngata, 'me tlhōlisano ea indasteri eohle ea ho tsosolosa betri ea lithium e bontšitse boemo bo nyenyane le bo hasaneng.

"Tlaleho" e bontšitse hore ho tloha ka la 25 Phuptjane selemong sena, ho ne ho e-na le lik'hamphani tse 180,878 tse amanang le betri ea motlakase ea malapeng, tseo 49,766 li tla ngolisoa ka 2023, tse etsang 27.5% ea bophelo bohle. Har'a lik'hamphani tsena tse 180,000, 65% e na le chelete e ngolisitsoeng ea chelete e ka tlaase ho limilione tse 5, 'me ke lik'hamphani tsa "mokhoa o monyenyane oa lithupelo" tseo matla a tsona a botekgeniki, mokhoa oa ho tsosolosa, le mokhoa oa khoebo o hlokang ho ntlafatsoa le ho ntlafatsoa.

Ba bang ba ka hare ho indasteri ba hlakisitse hore ts'ebeliso le ts'ebeliso ea betri ea matla naheng ea heso e na le motheo o motle bakeng sa nts'etsopele, empa 'maraka oa phepelo ea betri ea motlakase o moferefereng, matla a ts'ebeliso e felletseng a hloka ho ntlafatsoa, ​​le sistimi e hlophisitsoeng ntlafatsoa.

Ka mabaka a mangata a holimo, indasteri e ka fihlela ntlha ea ho fetoha

"White Paper on Development of China's Lithium-ion Battery Recycling, Dismantling and Echelon Utilization Industry (2024)" e lokollotsoeng ke China Battery Industry Research Institute le mekhatlo e meng e bontša hore ka 2023, lithane tse 623,000 tsa libeteri tsa lithium-ion li ile tsa sebelisoa hape. naheng ka bophara, empa ke lik'hamphani tse 156 feela tse phatlalalitsoeng ke Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Tlhahisoleseding Matla a tlhahiso ea likhoebo tse fihlelang tšebeliso e felletseng ea libeteri tsa matla a litšila a fihla ho lithane tse limilione tse 3.793 / selemo, mme sekhahla sa ts'ebeliso ea matla ea indasteri eohle ke feela 16.4%.

Gasgoo oa utloisisa hore ka lebaka la lintlha tse kang phello ea theko ea lisebelisoa tse tala tsa betri ea matla, indasteri e se e kene sethaleng sa ho tsosolosa. Lik'hamphani tse ling li fane ka lintlha tse mabapi le sekhahla sa ho tsosolosa indasteri eohle ha se feta 25%.

Ha indasteri e ncha ea koloi ea naha ea heso e tloha ho nts'etsopele ea lebelo le holimo ho ea ho nts'etsopele ea boleng bo holimo, tlhokomelo ea indasteri ea ho sebelisa betri ea matla le eona e ntse e ba thata haholo, 'me sebopeho sa indasteri se lebelletsoe ho ntlafatsoa.

Ka Hlakubele selemong sena, ha Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Tlhahisoleseding le fana ka "Tsebiso mabapi le ho Hlophisa Kopo ea Likhoebo tse nang le Maemo a Tloaelehileng bakeng sa Tšebeliso e Feletseng ea Mehloli e Tsosolositsoeng le ho Tsosolosa Lihlahisoa tsa Mechini le Motlakase ka 2024" ho indasteri ea lehae le balaoli ba tlhahisoleseling. , e boletse hore "ho emisoa ha kamohelo ea lits'ebetso tse felletseng tsa betri ea matla a koloi" Sebelisa maemo a tloaelehileng bakeng sa phatlalatso ea khoebo. Ho tlalehoa hore sepheo sa ho emisoa hona ke ho lekola bocha lik'hamphani tse seng li ngolisitsoe ka molao, le ho sisinya litlhoko tsa tokiso bakeng sa lik'hamphani tse seng li ngolisitsoe ka makhooa tse se nang mangolo, kapa esita le ho hlakola mangolo a mangolo a basoeu.

Ho emisoa ha likopo tsa ho tšoaneleha ho makalitse lik'hamphani tse ngata tse neng li itokisetsa ho kenela "sesole se tloaelehileng" sa lethathamo la bosoeu la ho sebelisa betri ea matla. Hajoale, ha ho rekoa merero e meholo le e mahareng ea li-betri tsa lithium, ho hlokoa ka ho hlaka hore lik'hamphani li tlameha ho ngolisoa. Ts'ebetso ena e ile ea romela letšoao la ho pholisa ho indasteri ea ho tsosolosa betri ea lithium bakeng sa matsete a matla a tlhahiso le kaho. Ka nako e ts'oanang, sena se boetse se eketsa dikahare tsa mangolo a dikhampani tse seng di fumane lenane la makgowa.

Ho phaella moo, "Leano la Bohato la ho Khothaletsa Lintlafatso tsa Thepa e Meholo le Khoebo ea Thepa ea Bareki" e sa tsoa ntšoa, e sisinya ho ntlafatsa ka potlako litekanyetso tsa ho reka thepa le maano bakeng sa libeteri tsa motlakase tse khaotsoeng, lisebelisoa tse nchafalitsoeng, joalo-joalo. li ne li thibetsoe ho tsoa naheng ea heso. Hona joale thoto ea libeteri tsa motlakase tse seng li tlohetse mosebetsi e ntse e le lenaneong, leo hape le lokollang lets'oao le lecha la pholisi taolong ea naha ea heso ea ho sebelisa betri ea matla.

Ka Phato, theko ea lithium carbonate ea boemo ba betri e feta 80,000 yuan/ton, e leng se ileng sa etsa hore ho be le moriti holim'a indasteri ea ho tsosolosa betri ea matla. Ho latela lintlha tse lokollotsoeng ke Shanghai Steel Federation ka la 9 Phato, karolelano ea theko ea lithium carbonate ea betri-grade e tlalehiloe ho 79,500 yuan/ton. Theko e ntseng e phahama ea betri-grade lithium carbonate e phahamisitse theko ea lithium battery recycling, e hohelang lik'hamphani tse tsoang mekhoeng eohle ea bophelo ho potlakela ho kena tseleng ea ho tsosolosa. Kajeno, theko ea lithium carbonate e ntse e theoha, e amme ka ho toba tsoelo-pele ea indasteri, ka lik'hamphani tsa ho tsosolosa tse nang le tšusumetso e matla.

E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mehlala e meraro e na le melemo le mathata a eona, 'me ho lebeletsoe hore tšebelisano-'moho e be ntho e tloaelehileng.

Kamora hore libeteri tsa motlakase li felisoe, tšebeliso ea bobeli le ho qhaqha le ho e sebelisa hape ke mekhoa e 'meli ea mantlha ea ho lahla. Hajoale, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeliso ea echelon e rarahane haholo, 'me moruo o hloka ka potlako tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji le nts'etsopele ea maemo a macha. Taba ea ho qhaqha le ho e sebelisa hape ke ho fumana phaello ea ho sebetsa, 'me theknoloji le liteishene ke tsona tse ka sehloohong tse susumetsang.

"Report" e bontša hore ho ea ka mekhatlo e fapaneng ea ho tsosolosa, hona joale ho na le mehlala e meraro ea ho tsosolosa indastering: baetsi ba betri ea matla e le 'mele o ka sehloohong, lik'hamphani tsa likoloi e le' mele o moholo, le lik'hamphani tsa mekhatlo ea boraro e le 'mele o moholo.

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore maemong a ho theoha ha phaello le liphephetso tse matla indastering ea ho tsosolosa betri ea matla, lik'hamphani tse emelang mefuta ena e meraro ea ho tsosolosa kaofela li fumana phaello ka mekhoa ea theknoloji, liphetoho tsa mekhoa ea khoebo, joalo-joalo.

Ho tlalehoa hore molemong oa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, ho fihlela tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa le ho netefatsa phepelo ea lisebelisoa tse tala, lik'hamphani tsa betri tsa motlakase tse kang CATL, Guoxuan High-Tech, le Yiwei Lithium Energy li kentse likhoebo tsa lithium tsa betri le ho nchafatsa.

Pan Xuexing, motsamaisi oa nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea CATL, o kile a re CATL e na le tharollo ea eona ea ho khutlisa betere e le 'ngoe, e ka fihlelang ts'ebetso ea li-betri tse koetsoeng. Libetri tsa litšila li fetoloa ka kotloloho lisebelisoa tse tala tsa betri ka ts'ebetso ea ho e sebelisa hape, e ka sebelisoang ka kotloloho ho libeteri mohatong o latelang. Ho ea ka litlaleho tsa sechaba, theknoloji ea CATL ea ho tsosolosa e ka finyella tekanyo ea ho hlaphoheloa ea 99.6% bakeng sa nickel, cobalt le manganese, le tekanyo ea ho hlaphoheloa ha lithium ea 91%. Ka 2023, CATL e ile ea hlahisa lithane tse ka bang 13,000 tsa lithium carbonate 'me ea tsosolosa lithane tse ka bang 100,000 tsa libeteri tse sebelisitsoeng.

Qetellong ea selemo se fetileng, ho ile ha lokolloa "Mehato ea Taolo ea Tšebeliso e Feletseng ea Libetri Tsa Motlakase Bakeng sa Likoloi tse Ncha tsa Motlakase (Sets'oants'o sa Litlhaloso)", e hlakisang boikarabello boo mekhatlo e fapaneng ea khoebo e lokelang ho e jara ts'ebelisong e batsi ea libeteri tsa motlakase. Ha e le hantle, baetsi ba likoloi ba lokela ho jara boikarabelo ba libeteri tsa motlakase tse kentsoeng. Boikarabello ba thuto botjha.

Hajoale, li-OEM le tsona li entse likatleho tse kholo molemong oa ho sebelisa betri ea matla. Geely Automobile e phatlalalitse ka la 24 Phupu hore e potlakisa ntlafatso ea matla a ho sebelisoa hape le ho hlahisa likoloi tse ncha tsa matla 'me e fihletse sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa se fetang 99% bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa nickel, cobalt le manganese ka libeteri tsa motlakase.

Ho tloha bofelong ba 2023, Geely's Evergreen New Energy e se e sebelitse kakaretso ea lithane tse 9,026.98 tsa libeteri tsa motlakase tse sebelisitsoeng 'me tsa li kenya tsamaisong ea traceability, li hlahisa lithane tse ka bang 4,923 tsa nickel sulfate, lithane tse 2,210 tsa cobalt sulfate, 1,74 manganese a manganese. le lithane tse 1,681 tsa lithium carbonate. Lihlahisoa tse tsosolositsoeng li sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa Tokiso ea lihlahisoa tsa ternary precursor tsa k'hamphani ea rona. Ho feta moo, ka liteko tse khethehileng tsa libeteri tsa khale tse ka sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tsa echelon, li sebelisoa ho li-forklifts tsa Geely tsa sebaka sa marang-rang. Morero oa hajoale oa teko ea tšebeliso ea li-echelon tsa forklift e se e thakhotsoe. Ka mor'a hore sefofane se phethoe, se ka phahamisetsoa sehlopheng sohle. Ka nako eo, e ka finyella litlhoko tsa likoloi tsa motlakase tse fetang 2,000 sehlopheng. Litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi tsa forklift.

Joaloka k'hamphani ea mokha oa boraro, GEM e boetse e boletse phatlalatsong ea eona e fetileng hore e ile ea sebelisa hape le ho qhaqha lithane tse 7,900 tsa libeteri tsa motlakase (0.88GWh) kotareng ea pele ea selemo sena, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 27.47%, 'me e rera ho ho tsosolosa le ho qhaqha lithane tse 45,000 tsa libeteri tsa motlakase ho pholletsa le selemo. Ka 2023, GEM e ile ea sebelisa hape le ho qhaqha lithane tse 27,454 tsa libeteri tsa motlakase (3.05GWh), keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 57.49%. Khoebo ea ho sebelisa betri ea matla e fihletse chelete e kenang ea li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 1.131, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 81.98%. Ntle le moo, GEM hajoale e na le lik'hamphani tse 5 tse sebelisang matla a macha a litšila tse sebelisang matla a matla a motlakase, tse ngata ka ho fetisisa Chaena, 'me e thehile mohlala oa tšebelisano-'moho le BYD, Mercedes-Benz China, Guangzhou Automobile Group, Dongfeng Passenger Cars, Chery Automobile, joalo-joalo.

E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea mehlala e meraro e na le melemo le melemo ea eona. Ho sebelisoa hape ka bahlahisi ba li-betri joalo ka 'mele oa mantlha ho thusa ho elelloa mokhoa oa ho sebelisoa hape oa libeteri tse sebelisitsoeng. Li-OEM li ka rua molemo melemong e totobetseng ea liteishene ho etsa hore litšenyehelo tsa kakaretso li theohe, athe lik'hamphani tsa mekhatlo ea boraro li ka thusa libeteri. Matlafatsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa.

Nakong e tlang, mokhoa oa ho senya litšitiso indastering ea ho tsosolosa betri?

"Tlaleho" e totobatsa hore lilekane tsa indasteri tse nang le tšebelisano-'moho e tebileng pakeng tsa letoto la liindasteri le holimo le tlase ho noka li tla thusa ho theha letoto le koetsoeng la ho sebelisa betri le ho sebelisa hape indasteri ka katleho e phahameng le litšenyehelo tse tlase. Lilekane tsa ketane ea indasteri le tšebelisano ea mekha e mengata li lebelletsoe ho fetoha mohlala o ka sehloohong oa ho sebelisoa hape ha betri.